Barcelona - Wikipedia. Barcelona. City and Municipality. Nickname(s): Ciutat Comtal (ca)/Ciudad Condal (es). After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon, Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia.
Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination. Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaud. The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean is located in Barcelona.
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The city is known for hosting the 1. Summer Olympics as well as world- class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments. Barcelona is one of the world's leading tourist, economic, trade fair and cultural centres, and its influence in commerce, education, entertainment, media, fashion, science, and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world's major global cities. In 2. 00. 8 it was the fourth most economically powerful city by GDP in the European Union and 3. GDP amounting to . Since 2. 01. 1 Barcelona has been a leading smart city in Europe. However, this name refers only to FC Barcelona, the football club.
The common abbreviated form used by locals is Barna. Another common abbreviation is 'BCN', which is also the IATA airport code of the Barcelona- El Prat Airport. The city is also referred to as the Ciutat Comtal in Catalan, and Ciudad Condal in Spanish, owing to its past as the seat of the Count of Barcelona. History. The ruins of an early settlement have been excavated in the El Raval neighbourhood, including different tombs and dwellings dating to earlier than 5. BC. The first attributes the founding of the city to the mythological Hercules. The second legend attributes the foundation of the city directly to the historical Carthaginian general, Hamilcar Barca, father of Hannibal, who supposedly named the city Barcino after his family in the 3rd century BC. Under the Romans, it was a colony with the surname of Faventia.
Some remaining fragments of the Roman walls have been incorporated into the cathedral. The city was conquered by the Visigoths in the early 5th century, becoming for a few years the capital of all Hispania. After being conquered by the Arabs in the early 8th century, it was conquered in 8. Charlemagne's son Louis, who made Barcelona the seat of the Carolingian . His territories were later to be known as the Crown of Aragon, which conquered many overseas possessions and ruled the western Mediterranean Sea with outlying territories in Naples and Sicily and as far as Athens in the 1. The forging of a dynastic link between the Crowns of Aragon and Castile marked the beginning of Barcelona's decline.
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An overview of the nightlife in Barcelona. Barcelona nightlife scene including bars, parties, clubs and the best districts for going out.
The Bank of Barcelona (Taula de canvi), probably the oldest public bank in Europe, was established by the city magistrates in 1. It originated from necessities of the state, as did the Bank of Venice (1. Bank of Genoa (1.
Madrid became the centre of political power whilst the colonisation of the Americas reduced the financial importance (at least in relative terms) of Mediterranean trade. Barcelona was a centre of Catalan separatism, including the Catalan Revolt (1. The great plague of 1.
In 1. 79. 4, this fortress was used by the French astronomer Pierre Fran. Much of Barcelona was negatively affected by the Napoleonic wars, but the start of industrialisation saw the fortunes of the province improve. Urban planner Ildefons Cerd. Many enterprises and public services were . As the power of the Republican government and the Generalitat diminished, much of the city was under the effective control of anarchist groups. The anarchists lost control of the city to their own allies, the Communists and official government troops, after the street fighting of the Barcelona May Days.
The fall of the city on 2. January 1. 93. 9, caused a mass exodus of civilians who fled to the French border. The resistance of Barcelona to Franco's coup d'. The autonomous institutions of Catalonia were abolished.
Barcelona remained the second largest city in Spain, at the heart of a region which was relatively industrialised and prosperous, despite the devastation of the civil war. The result was a large- scale immigration from poorer regions of Spain (particularly Andalusia, Murcia and Galicia), which in turn led to rapid urbanisation. The city gained vitality in 1. Summer Olympics. It is 1. Pyrenees and the Catalan border with France. Tibidabo, 5. 12 m (1,6.
Barcelona is peppered with small hills, most of them urbanised, that gave their name to the neighbourhoods built upon them, such as Carmel (2. Putget (1. 81 metres or 5.
Rovira (2. 61 metres or 8. The escarpment of Montju. Today, the fortress is a museum and Montju. The municipality includes two small sparsely- inhabited exclaves to the north- west. Climate. The average annual temperature of the sea is about 2.
In the coldest month, January, the temperature typically ranges from 1. December, January and February are the coldest months, with average temperatures around 1. Large fluctuations in temperature are rare, particularly in the summer months. Because of the proximity to the warm sea, frosts are very infrequent in the city of Barcelona. In fact, only 1 day in the last 3. Rainfall totals are highest in late summer and autumn (September. Sunshine duration is 2,5.
December to 3. 10 (average 1. July. Many of the buildings date from medieval times, some from as far back as the Roman settlement of Barcelona. Catalan modernista architecture (related to the movement known as Art Nouveau in the rest of Europe) developed between 1.
Barcelona. Several of these buildings are World Heritage Sites. Especially remarkable is the work of architect Antoni Gaud. His best- known work is the immense but still unfinished church of the Sagrada Fam. Designed in 1. 92.
International Exposition for Germany, it was an iconic building that came to symbolise modern architecture as the embodiment of van der Rohe's aphorisms . A modern re- creation by Spanish architects now stands in Barcelona, however, constructed in 1. Barcelona won the 1. RIBARoyal Gold Medal for its architecture. The first three works were inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1. The other four were added as extensions to the site in 2. The Cathedral of the Holy Cross and St.
Eulalia (Gothic)Gothic basilica of Santa Maria del Mar. Gothic basilica of Santa Maria del Pi. Romanesque church of Sant Pau del Camp.
Palau Reial Major, medieval residence of the sovereign Counts of Barcelona, later Kings of Aragon. The Royal Shipyard (gothic)Monastery of Pedralbes (gothic)The Columbus Monument. The Arc de Triomf, a triumphal arch built for entrance to 1. Barcelona Universal Exposition. Expiatory church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus on the summit of Tibidabo. Museums. The National Museum of Art of Catalonia possesses a well- known collection of Romanesque art, while the Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art focuses on post- 1.
Catalan and Spanish art.